Fractured Faiths: Spanish Judaism, The Inquisition, and New World Identities
New Mexico History Museum
May 22, 2016 through Dec 31, 2016


Fractured Faiths: Spanish Judaism, The Inquisition, and New World Identities

In the 10th through 13th centuries, Spain flowered into waves of golden ages, as Muslim, Jewish and Catholic peoples achieved new heights in science, philosophy and the arts. That triculturalism, though, endured repeated challenges, first by fundamentalist Islamic Almohads in the 12th century, then by Christian kingdoms in the late-14th century, when it finally deteriorated into dissent, segregation and riots.

By 1492, when King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella unified the nation under the Catholic crown, cultural chaos roared forth. A royal edict ordered all Jews to either leave the country or convert to Catholicism within four months—or else. (A similar edict befell Muslims in 1502.) For those who converted, the Spanish Inquisition (and later, the Portuguese and Mexican Inquisitions) stood ready to prosecute any Christian who failed to abide. Violators would endure prisons, torture and death.

What would you do? Repudiate the language, religion and customs of your people in order to stay in your home and with your family? Or walk away from all you owned, all you knew, and embark upon treacherous journeys across land and sea toward a life you could barely imagine?

Fractured Faiths: Spanish Judaism, The Inquisition, and New World Identities, opening May 22, 2016 through Dec. 31, 2017, stands on the brink of that chasm and leaps into a diaspora that dates to biblical times. For the first time, a major institution tells the comprehensive story of how Spain’s Jewry found a tenuous foothold in North America. Despite continued persecution, its people persisted—sometimes as upright Catholic conversos, sometimes as self-identifying “crypto-Jews.”

Emblems of that struggle for cultural identity appear even today: A menorah carved into a tombstone in a Catholic cemetery; oral histories of tangled roots; Hispanic villages where genetic clusters speak to Jewish lineage.

Working with institutions in Spain, Mexico City and New York, curators Josef Díaz and Roger Martínez-Dávila have gathered physical evidence that includes:



  • The 1492 Decree of Expulsion

  • The 1507 Libro Verde de Aragon that lists all the people killed by the Inquisition

  • 15th-century tiles from El Transito Synagogue in Toledo

  • An 18th-century painting of a Mexico City auto-da-fé

  • Family trees that appear to scrub out evidence of Jewish heritage

  • Shackles, a locket with the Inquisition emblem, and more

They bring to life people like Don Bernardo López de Mendizábal, a 17th-century governor of New Mexico, and his wife, Doña Teresa Aguilera y Roche. Hauled before the Inquisition in Mexico City, they were charged with—though never convicted of—being secret Jews.

Fractured Faiths reunites Spanish artifacts with their New World counterparts for the first time to reveal the history of the Spanish Sephardim—the stalwarts, the converts and the hidden Jews—and their long heritage within the Americas. A global story that played out on New Mexico soil, this monumental exhibit details one of history’s most compelling chronicles of human tenacity and the power of cultural identity.

In concert with the exhibit, Fresco Fine Art Publications will produce a bilingual catalog of the exhibition’s most important artifacts and documents. A programming series will deepen visitors’ understanding of Jewish life in the Americas and the struggle to preserve identity against often tragic odds. Lending institutions to Fractured Faiths include Spain’s Museo de Teruel, Biblioteca Nacional de España, and Museo Sefardí; Mexico City’s Museo Franz Mayer and the Museo Nacional de Arte; and the Hispanic Society of America in New York City.

Curators:

Josef Díaz is the History Museum’s curator of Spanish and Mexican colonial collections. His exhibitions include the current Painting the Divine: Images of Mary in the New World and Santa Fe Found: Fragments of Time.

Roger Martínez-Dávila is an assistant professor of history at the University of Colorado-Colorado Springs, where he specializes in the study of medieval and early modern Spain, Jewish religious minorities and converts in Spain, and Spanish trans-Atlantic migration. He is also the CONEX-Marie Curie Fellow at the Universidad Carlos III de Madrid.


Related Photos

Register of blasphemers
Tiles from El Tránsito
Sephardic Torah Scroll
Stucco fragment for El Tránsito
Locket with Inquisition emblem
Libro Verde de Aragón
Letter of nobility granted to Juan Berdugo
Letter of nobility granted to Juan Berdugo
David and the Priest Ahimelech
Decree of Expulsion of the Jews
The Five Commandments in Hebrew Letters
Carvajal Family Inquisition records
A Hearing Before the Inquisition
Ejecutoria de hidalguia
Painting with the Inquisition Emblem
Shackles
Purim Grogger
Purim Grogger
Purim Grogger
Jar with Four Handles
Hanukkah Lamp
Saltcellar


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